Hormones are the chemical substances which co ordinate the activities of living organisms and also their growth.
Hormones are made and secreted by specialized tissues in the body called endocrine glands. The hormones are poured directly into the blood and carried throughout the body by the circulatory system. The hormones act on specific tissues of specific organs in the body called target sites.
A hormone is produced by an endocrine gland in one part of human body but causes a particular effect in another part of the body. Hormones are of many different types and perform different functions in the body. The hormones involved in the development and control of the reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics are called sex hormones. The two common sex hormones are testosterone and oestrogen.
I hope the concept of hormones was clear to you.
3) Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fatty material (A fat or lipid) that exists in all animal tissues. The human body makes its own cholesterol but also takes in extra amounts of it in such foods as butter, eggs, fatty meats and liver. The membrane of cells contain cholesterol. It is used to make bile salts that help in digestion and to produce certain hormones.
Most cholesterol is produced by the liver and is carried through the blood to other cells by substances called lipoproteins. The presence of large amounts of certain types of cholesterol in the blood has been linked to certain diseases, example of arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries), which develops when that causes due to cholesterol collect on the inner walls of arteries, making them narrow. Blood clot scan block these narrow passages and cause a heart attack. Cholesterol control is necessary for a human being.
I hope that you clearly understood what exactly cholesterol is.
An object having no electric charge on it is called an uncharged object. An uncharged object does not have any effect on other objects and object having electrical charge on it is called a charged object. A charged object attracts other uncharged objects. This point will become clear from the following example, if we take a glass rod and bring it near some tiny pieces of paper it will not have any effect on them, if, however the glass rod is first rubbed with a piece of silk cloth and then brought near the tiny pieces of paper then the glass rod attracts the tiny pieces of paper towards itself. These observations can be explained by saying that initially the glass rod is electrically neutral or uncharged that is having no electric charge so it has no effect on the tiny pieces of paper but when the glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth then it gets electric charge.
There are some elements which show some properties of metals and the other properties of nonmetals. The elements whose property are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals are known as metalloids. For example, metals are good conductors of electricity whereas non metal do not conduct electricity at all but metalloids conduct electricity to a small extent. Thus, the metalloids are semiconductors. Some of The examples of metalloids are silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium.
So, this means that we can say that metalloids are at the border line between metals and non metals. They show both properties. It is amazing to see elements who are half metals and half non metals.
Now, that we know what are metalloids, let's move on to the topic Of Metals and non-metals!
6) Metals And Non Metals
On the basis of their properties all the elements can be divided into two main groups: metals and nonmetals. Iron, copper and Aluminum are examples of metals whereas carbon, Oxygen and Sulphur are examples of nonmetals. All the metals have similar properties. All the non metals have also similar properties. But the properties of nonmetals are opposite to those of metals. Both, metals as well as non metals are used in our daily life. We also use a large number of compounds of metals and nonmetals.
Metals are malleable, ductile, sonorous, lustrous, hard, good conductors and have high melting points. Some examples of metals are: iron, copper, zinc, gold, magnesium, aluminium, silver, platinum, chromium, sodium, potassium, nickel, Cobalt, tin, calcium, Lead, cadmium, Mercury, antimony, tungsten, manganese and Uranium. Out of 92 naturally occurring elements, 70 elements are metals. All these metals are solids except one metal Mercury which is liquid.
Non metals are not malleable, are not ductile, are Brittle, are not sonorous, are bad conductors of heat and electricity and are dim or dull in appearance. Examples of non metals are: carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, helium, neon, argon, Krypton and xenon.
Out of the 92 naturally occurring elements, 22 elements are nonmetals. Out of these, 10 non metals are solids, one non metal bromine is a liquid and the remaining 11 non metals are gases.
I hope you liked the concept of metals and non-metals and clearly understood it.
Since earthquakes are caused by the movements of Earth's plates, the boundaries of the plates are the weak zones where earthquakes are most likely to occur. The weak zones of earth's crust which are more prone to earthquakes are called seismic zones or fault zones. most major earthquakes occur in the well-defined seismic zones called earthquake belts.
Stars occur in galaxies, independent star city which formed soon after the universe came into existence about fifteen thousand million years ago. To begin with, the galaxies were just huge clouds of gas, mainly hydrogen. Then gravity pulled the gas together into separate clouds that heated up and began to shine as stars.
The stars that first formed have now cooled and dimmed, but new stars are still being born inside most galaxies, the Milky way, there are huge clouds of hydrogen mixed with specks of solid matter, such as carbon, which may one day form stars.
Galaxy range from 'dwarfs', with perhaps a million stars to supergiants, with perhaps a million million. The Milky way has about hundred thousand million stars.
Galaxies occur in clusters. There are about 30 in the milky way's cluster, but some clusters contains hundreds. These clusters in turn may belong superclusters. The clusters of galaxies are flying apart from each other as the universe expands from the big bang.
If you paid attention, you might understand what exactly a galaxy is. Think deeply regarding how big our universe is..
12) Planets (Basic Introduction)
A planet is a solid body orbiting a star and illuminated by it, for example, the earth orbits and lit by the sun. A star is hot enough at the surface to shine brightly. The planets in the solar system, the only ones we can observe, form two groups: smaller ones including the earth, need of Rock and metal with shallow atmospheres or none at all, and giant planets, which are mostly liquid hydrogen, helium, and other gases.
I hope it was very clear to all of you.
13) Cells - The Basic Unit Of Life
Cells are the basic units of life. All the living things plant and animals are made of cells. Just as a house is made up of bricks, in the same way, a living organism is made up of cells. Thus, cells are the building blocks of plants and animals.
A baby, a Banyan 🌲 tree and a bacterium look very different from one another, but they all are made of tiny cells. Our nose, skin, muscles and bones are all made up of cells. The simplest organisms like amoeba consist of only one cell but a complex organism like human being is made of trillions of cells.
So, we have seen the basics, lets conclude this topic!
A cell is the smallest unit of life which has a definite structure and performs a specific function. Most of the cells are very very small which cannot be seen with naked eye. They can be seen only with the help of microscope.
The diagrams of cells which we see in the books are highly magnified. It is within the cells of our body that all our life activities occur. All living cells come only from other living cells. Since Cells are the living units, they require energy. The cells obtain their energy by burning food like glucose in a process called respiration. The cells are of two main types: animal and plant cells.
Though many things are common between animal cells and plant cells but they differ in some ways.
14) Red Data Book
Red data Book is the book for publication which keeps a record of all the endangered animals, plants and other species. Actually red data Book contains a list of species which are in danger of becoming extinct. There are different red data books for plants, animals and other species. Red data Book are being published in many different countries and provide useful information on the threat status of the various species.
There is also a red data Book of India. Some of the endangered species of animals listed in the red data Book of India are flying squirrel, Indian giant squirrel, Barasingha, blackbuck, Himalayan Musk deer, great Indian rhinoceros, Snow leopard and tiger.
The advantages of maintaining red data Book is that we come to know which species of animals and plants are very small in number and the danger of extinction so that timely remedial steps can be taken by the authorities concerned to prevent their extinction.
I hope it is very clear to you know that extinction of animals need to be stopped and poaching is a very bad idea!
15) Inertia
Inertia is the name given to the tendency of an object to stay still or to move steadily in a straight line unless some force pushes it and makes it behave in a different way. The greater the object's inertia, the larger is the force that is necessary to make it accelerate that is, move from rest or change the speed or direction of its motion. The amount of material or mass which is present in an object determines how much inertia it has.
It was Isaac Newton who first realized that a force was needed to overcome inertia and make an object accelerate or decelerate. Please read again if you don't understand it. Understanding inertia is very important.
16) Anemometer
18) Asteroids
There is a wide gap in between the orbits of planets Mars and Jupiter. A large number of small objects made of rocks revolve around the sun in the wide space between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter in the solar system.
These are called asteroids. Thus, asteroids are small celestial bodies objects which revolve around the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are smaller than the planets. Asteroids are also called minor planets. The asteroids are rocks of various sizes. The biggest asteroids are hundreds of kilometres in diameter whereas the smallest asteroids are only hundreds of metres in diameter. There are millions of asteroids which orbit around the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Each asteroid has its own orbit around the sun. Asteroids can be seen only through large telescopes. Asteroids are the members of the solar system.
Astronomical researches believe that asteroids are the pieces of matter or rocks that were formed at the same time as the rest of the planets which somehow could not assemble to form a major planet. Sometimes orbiting asteroids collide with one another, break into pieces and form meteoroids which give rise to meteors or meteorites.
Rocky Asteroids! Let's move on!
19) Proxima Centauri
Proxima Centauri is a faint red dwarf star about 10,000 times dimmer than the sun and the closest known star to the solar system. It is about 4.3 light years away, and is visible with binoculars in the constellation of centaurus. Proxima is the faintest member of a triple star system called Alpha Centauri. The Two others form a brilliant double star when viewed through a small astronomical telescope. They are each about as bright as the sun, and take 80 years to orbit each other.
Tiny Proxima, which flares up every now and then and appears brighter than normal for just few minutes, takes about a million years to orbit the bright stars.
Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the sun. With two other stars it makes up Alpha Centauri.
It has a very bright light!
20) Light Year
A light year is the distance a beam of light travels in a year, 9,460,700,000,000 km!! Oh my God! It is a such a huge huge distance. Light travels at a speed of 299,792 km per second. I am telling you, this is a really really big distance! Nothing travels faster! Light year is a useful unit for measuring the huge distances between stars and galaxies. For example, the nearest star after our Sun, proxima Centauri, is over 4 light years away. Most astronomers prefer to measure distances with the parsec, which equals 3.2 light years.
A light year is the distance light travels in a year. If light can travel more than thousands of kilometres in just a second then think of how much will it travel in a year! Its massive! Light takes 8 minutes to reach Earth from the Sun. Light from the next nearest star takes 4.3 years: the star is 4.3 light years away.
Surely, that's why light is called as the fastest!
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So, that was our today's top 20 scientific topics explained clearly. I hope you enjoyed our post and please make sure to follow us. Please share and comment if you liked.
More coming soon! Stay Tuned for the upcoming scientific posts.
Created By : Naman Dwivedi
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